White Spot on the Gums: Causes & Treatments

Have you noticed a white spot on your gums? There are several possible causes for this, including canker sores, oral thrush, leukoplakia, and oral lichen planus. The appropriate treatment depends on the cause of the white spot, so consult with a dentist for an accurate diagnosis.

To prevent gum problems, good oral hygiene habits are essential. This includes brushing, flossing, and getting regular dental exams and cleanings.

White Spot on Gums: Possible Causes & Symptoms

A white spot on your gums may indicate a condition such as canker sores, oral thrush, leukoplakia, or oral lichen planus.

If your white spot doesn’t go away within 2 weeks, visit a healthcare provider. Never try to pop or pick out the white spot on your own. In Ontario, you can also call 8-1-1 to speak with a registered nurse for free if you have non-emergency questions or concerns about your health.

Canker Sores

Also called aphthous ulcers, canker sores may appear as white, yellow, or grey bumps with red borders. They are typically found on the gums, tongue, roof of the mouth, under the tongue, or on the inside of the lip. Canker sores are not contagious and are not the same thing as cold sores.

Canker Sore Causes

We are not certain what exactly causes canker sores, but possible risk factors include:

• Stress
• Eating acidic foods
• Trauma to the inside of the mouth
• Wearing dental appliances
• Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)

Canker sores are also linked to nutritional deficiencies and, in the case of complex canker sores, underlying disorders of the immune system.

Canker Sore Treatments

Ways to manage canker sores at home include:

• Avoiding chocolate and salty, spicy, and acidic foods
• Holding an ice cube to the sore to relieve pain
• Doing a saltwater rinse (1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in 250 mL of water)

Canker sores often go away on their own. But some symptoms (such as fever) warrant a prompt trip to the doctor.

Oral Thrush

Oral thrush is caused by the yeast Candida albicans and looks like white patches on the inside of the mouth. If you wipe off the white patches, the tissue underneath may bleed or look red. Other symptoms include a stinging sensation and a bad taste in your mouth.

Oral Thrush Causes

A yeast called Candida albicans causes thrush. We often have small amounts of this yeast in our mouths, and our immune system keeps it from growing out of control. However, babies and older adults can get thrush because their immune systems are not strong enough to control Candida. Certain pre-existing conditions and medications may also put individuals at higher risk.

Oral Thrush Treatments

If you have symptoms of thrush, see a doctor. You may need prescription medication. When you return home, you can try:

• Drinking cool liquids (using a straw can help) and eating foods that are easy to swallow
• Rinsing with salt water (1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in 250 ml of water) several times a day

Certain symptoms require immediate attention from a doctor.

Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is a precancerous condition that causes white or grey patches inside the mouth. Patches may appear on the tongue, inner cheek, gums, or the bottom of the mouth. Research has shown that less than 15% of people who have leukoplakia will go on to develop cancer.

Leukoplakia Causes

Risk factors for this condition include heavy alcohol use, regular smoking, and chewing tobacco.

Leukoplakia Treatments

If you have symptoms of leukoplakia, see a doctor. They may take a sample of the patches to be biopsied in a lab. 

There is no treatment for leukoplakia, only active surveillance. That means you may need to visit your doctor periodically for tests. In the meantime, avoid alcohol and tobacco.

Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus is a long-term inflammatory condition. Symptoms include white, web-like growths on the inner cheek or tongue, white spots or patches on the gums or tongue, ulcers, and red gums. It’s not usually serious, but it can be painful and uncomfortable.

Oral Lichen Planus Causes

Oral lichen planus occurs when the immune system attacks the tissues inside of the mouth. Flare-ups can be triggered by:

• Injury or infection in the mouth
• Some medications
• Allergic reactions
• Stress
• Dental problems

Oral lichen planus is more common among people who take certain medications, such as antifungals or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It can also happen alongside diseases like hepatitis B or C.

Oral Lichen Planus Treatments

When it comes to oral lichen planus, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Some people do not require treatment, while others can benefit from medications or lifestyle changes. Speak with your doctor.

Oral Care in South Ancaster

We use our mouths for essential functions like eating, speaking, and smiling. Your oral health is an essential part of your overall health and well-being. South Ancaster Family Dental strives to provide a comfortable and welcoming environment for patients seeking care. 

A white spot on your gums can be concerning. Online information can shed insight, but it does not replace visiting a healthcare professional. To book an appointment, contact us today.